Lorazepam (Ativan) Benefits, Risks, and Uses

When is Lorazepam used?

Lorazepam is used to treat a variety of conditions, including anxiety disorders, insomnia, seizures, alcohol withdrawal, sedation, and panic disorders. While it is not typically considered a first-line treatment for many of these conditions, it is prescribed in specific circumstances. Lorazepam may be used for short-term relief of anxiety or in cases of acute anxiety, but is not typically recommended for chronic management due to the potential for dependence and tolerance.

What are Lorazepam’s main benefits?

The primary benefit of lorazepam lies in its ability to calm the central nervous system. It is highly effective in reducing anxiety symptoms, including excessive worry, nervousness, and restlessness. Lorazepam provides rapid relief during acute anxiety episodes or in situations where short-term calming is required. For individuals with insomnia, especially when caused by anxiety, lorazepam can promote sleep by inducing a calming and sedative effect. Its fast-acting nature also makes it useful in emergency settings to stop or prevent seizures, particularly in cases of status epilepticus.

What are Lorazepam’s most common side effects?

Common side effects of lorazepam include local pain at the injection site, drowsiness, and sedation. Some of these side effects may resolve as the body adjusts to the medication. 

How does Lorazepam work?

Lorazepam is considered a short-to-medium-acting medication, compared to other benzodiazepines. It works by binding to specific receptors in brain cells, particularly in areas like the limbic system (which controls emotions) and the reticular formation (which plays a role in wakefulness and alertness). When lorazepam attaches to these receptors, it enhances the effects of a brain chemical called GABA, which has a calming effect on the nervous system. This process increases the flow of chloride ions into brain cells, making them less likely to become overactive. As a result, the brain becomes more relaxed and stable. 

How is Lorazepam commonly dosed?

Lorazepam is typically administered in one to three doses throughout the day. For anxiety treatment, the initial dose usually starts at 0.5 mg and may increase up to 10 mg, taken 2 to 3 times a day. In the treatment of seizures, lorazepam is often given by injection during a seizure episode, starting with a dose of 4 mg, followed by 2 mg every 3 to 5 minutes if seizures continue. For alcohol withdrawal, the dosage varies based on the severity of withdrawal symptoms, typically starting with 2 mg to 4 mg and adjusted throughout the day. The appropriate dosage for each patient should always be discussed with a healthcare provider.

What are other common names for Lorazepam?

Lorazepam is sold under the brand names Ativan and Temesta, with lorazepam being the generic name.